Yearbook

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  CHALLENGES FOR LOCAL ACTION GROUPS IN BULGARIA

  Local Action Groups (LAGs) in Bulgaria are one of the most promising forms of public-private partnership which carry out public benefit activities and contribute to solving many problems in rural areas - economic, social, environmental, cultural, health, educational, etc. Challenges for the LAG exist in all EU Member States, but their nature and ... Local Action Groups (LAGs) in Bulgaria are one of the most promising forms of public-private partnership which carry out public benefit activities and contribute to solving many problems in rural areas - economic, social, environmental, cultural, health, educational, etc. Challenges for the LAG exist in all EU Member States, but their nature and scale vary from country to country. The aim of the study is to analyze and evaluate the opportunities and challenges of local action groups in Bulgaria as the most recognizable and powerful tool for rural development, ensuring long-term institutional sustainability at the local level. Directly related to the objective are the tasks: Research of secondary and primary sources of information to describe the key problems of LAGs; Analysis of the LAGs' relationships and dependencies with their stakeholders; Defining proposals for improving the environment for the functioning of the LAG in the country. The study scopes the 64 local initiative groups in Bulgaria which apply the community-led local development (CLLD) approach in the programming period 2014-2020. The study seeks to determine the problems, difficulties, and challenges that the LAGs have encountered in creating and their functioning in Bulgaria and which they continue to face at the present time. The thesis of the study is that in order to fully and comprehensively use the potential of LAGs as a universal tool for local development and for strategies to have a significant and broad territorial impact in rural areas to address their huge number of problems (economic, social, environmental, educational, technical, cultural, health, etc.), it is necessary to improve the management environment. Qualitative and quantitative research of the LAG has been conducted in two stages. During the first stage (March-April 2021), individual interviews were conducted among persons working in the local initiative groups in the country. The aim is to study the factors that led to the emergence of difficulties in the work of the LAG, and to expand the ideas about the subject under study. During the second stage (May 2021), a survey was conducted, through which quantitative information was collected on individual aspects of the subject of analysis. The questionnaire is structured on the basis of the results of the qualitative analysis in the first stage, as well as on the basis of the experience of the author, working in a LAG in recent years. Key problems were presented to the LAG during the programming period 2014-2020, the reasons for their occurrence and development in dynamics compared to the previous programming period - 2007-2013. Among the most important recommendations is the improvement of the administrative capacity of the governing bodies and of the regulatory framework, the frequent change of which contributes to a severe difficulty in the work of the LAG.

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  REVENUE FROM CONTRACTS UNDER MULTIPLE-ELEMENT ARRANGEMENTS

  The study addresses issues associated with the time of origin and recognition of income in accounting. The applied principles and rules, methods and methodologies relevant to the individual economic situations related to the recognition of income are considered and analyzed. The study is devoted to the recognition of revenue from transactions for ... The study addresses issues associated with the time of origin and recognition of income in accounting. The applied principles and rules, methods and methodologies relevant to the individual economic situations related to the recognition of income are considered and analyzed. The study is devoted to the recognition of revenue from transactions for the sale of goods or services, the implementation of which is at a certain time or within a certain period. The approaches for revenue recognition in multi-component contracts and transactions are also studied. Execution times for the individual components - goods and services are discussed and the need for a new approach in the reporting of multi-component transactions is clarified. This has been done on the basis of the review of existing and applied approaches and methods and the practice and policies of companies applying the International Accounting Standards in the field of telecommunications in Bulgaria and of large and medium enterprises applying National Accounting Standards for 2019. Since the companies in Bulgaria, based on the requirements of the Accounting Act, prepare and present their annual financial statements, in compliance with the requirements of IAS or NSS, the different approaches are considered and discussed - based on the analysis of the relationship and commonalities and differences between IFRS and NSS. The study and clarification of the main points in multi-component contracts is related to the thesis that knowledge of the basic rules for transfer of control and knowledge of the principles of "unbundling" of individual components is a prerequisite for their proper current accounting and periodic presentation in financial reports, as a result of which their usefulness for the users will increase.

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  ATTRACTIVENESS OF INVESTMENT FUNDS IN BULGARIA

  This paper addresses the issue of attractiveness of Bulgarian investment funds to various classes of investors over the last decade. It exploits data on AUM (assets under management), return, number of funds, risk profile of funds and fund managers in order to grasp trends in the investment fund sector. Also, the asset allocation in aggregate ... This paper addresses the issue of attractiveness of Bulgarian investment funds to various classes of investors over the last decade. It exploits data on AUM (assets under management), return, number of funds, risk profile of funds and fund managers in order to grasp trends in the investment fund sector. Also, the asset allocation in aggregate portfolio is traced, in order to determine the overall portfolio strategy. It turns out, that the growth of AUM is not justified by the potential of household savings and nonbank financial institutions’ asset base. The average equally weighted funds’ return is below, while AUM weighted is slightly above benchmarks for 2015-2019. The examination of the overall investment funds’ portfolio shows a strong bias towards “Cash” and “Other Investment Funds” allocation of assets. In depth examination of the portfolios of specific funds reveals an unwholesome practice of deviation from declared portfolio strategy. In addition, the low level of AUM per fund is likely to hurdle Bulgarian investment funds to offer competitive fees.