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  ESTIMATION OF THE FACTOR IMPACT OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SOLVENCY ON ENTERPRISES EFFICIENCY

  The main objective of this study is to research and estimate the impact of indebtedness and solvency on the efficiency of enterprises, first within a theoretical and methodological context, and second, by applying a profound empirical analysis on leading Bulgarian enterprises. The motivation for this scientific research is associated with the ... The main objective of this study is to research and estimate the impact of indebtedness and solvency on the efficiency of enterprises, first within a theoretical and methodological context, and second, by applying a profound empirical analysis on leading Bulgarian enterprises. The motivation for this scientific research is associated with the fact that the efficiency (return, profitability) is a complex economic category, and its value depends on a number of economic factors. The research thesis is that indebtedness and solvency are important factors, impacting the efficiency of Bulgarian enterprises in a time of financial and economic crisis. The applied author’s methodology is based on a profound empirical research, comprising two key components: first, an analysis of the separate individual indicators – efficiency, indebtedness and solvency of companies, without studying their interconnectedness, e.g. as relatively separate categories, and second, an analysis of the resulting bilateral trade-offs between the efficiency, indebtedness and solvency of enterprises, e.g. examining the following three relationships: „efficiency – indebtedness”, „efficiency – solvency” and „in¬debtedness – solvency”. In order to achieve greater economic reliability in the current research, 50 leading enterprises in Bulgaria from different economic sectors are included in the study. The reviewed period is three years (2007-2009) during the global financial and economic crisis. As far as the structure of the study is concerned, first, the essence of risk and financial risk in particular is revealed, as well as their quantitative estimations and influence on the financial state-ment of enterprises. Second, the study analyzes extensively the peculiarities of the assessment of financial indebtedness and solvency of enterprises, which serves as a basis for the further parallel estimations of the bilateral trade-offs: „efficiency – indebtedness”, „efficiency – solvency” and „indebt-edness – solvency”. Finally, a detailed study is made on the developments in efficiency under the influence of indebtedness and solvency of the examined Bulgarian enterprises. The study concludes with summarizing the results ob-tained from the profound empirical research. The main conclusions from the empirical study are the following: 1) During the period 2007-2009 there is a small number of Bulgarian enterprises, which are distinguished by a high efficiency on the invested capital ratio. Many companies have a normal efficiency ratio, but those with a low efficiency ratio make up almost ¾. 2) According to the degree of indebtedness, the Bulgarian practice shows that there is a seriously deteriorated financial statement of those enterprises that have structural importance for the national economy. ¾ of those companies have an unfavourable „debt – equity” ratio level. 3) The solvency ratio of the investigated Bulgarian enterprises tends to shift from high and satisfactory solvency levels towards a low solvency level. However, there is certain ambition in some companies to be mindful of their solvency issues during the financial and economic crisis, so as to prevent themselves from declaring bankruptcy. This is proved by the fact that almost ½ of the reviewed enterprises are characterized by a high solvency ratio. 4) During the period 2007-2009 the observed highest impact of the heavy in¬debtedness ratio (60%) is determinant of the low efficiency on the invested capital of the reviewed 50 enterprises in Bulgaria. The impact of the low (26%) indebtedness ratio is lower and it shows in what directions the efforts should be concentrated with a view to increase the overall corporate efficiency.

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  IMPROVEMENT OF CUSTOMS CONTROL IN THE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL SOLVENCY OF AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATORS

  Modern trends in customs control were related to the development and implementation of new control procedures allowing both effective manifestation of its basic functions - fiscal, economic and defense. The aim is to achieve a balance between the ever-increasing requirements for customs administrations in terms of security and safety of ... Modern trends in customs control were related to the development and implementation of new control procedures allowing both effective manifestation of its basic functions - fiscal, economic and defense. The aim is to achieve a balance between the ever-increasing requirements for customs administrations in terms of security and safety of international trade and the willingness of retailers for easy and quick clearance of their goods. In this connection, a so-called „Simplified customs procedures” and in particular the status of „Authorized Economic Operator”. Its use is associated with certain requirements (conditions) that must be met by those wishing to gain access to specific facilities in the course of covering the activities of their customs procedures. This necessitates the need for controls, allowing authentication extent of these requirements. From the standpoint of customs control checks on the criteria for financial solvency go beyond the conventional application, which is the reason for the existence of some difficulties in their implementation. Priority application here is the financial analysis, but at the moment in our customs administration has not developed a unified analytical methodology for arriving at a more accurate and specific conclusions and assessments. In this paper are considered peculiarities of the customs control of the said criteria and offer two analytical approaches allowing the more precise studies on the financial solvency of the persons with the status of „Authorized economic operators”. These are preparing comprehensive assessment and analysis of individual factors.

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  BURNOUT – A PROFESSIONAL EXHAUSTION SYNDROME OR A MODERN EMPLOYEE SYNDROME

  Workplace for most workers is characterized by lack of security and instability caused by the dynamics and requirements of the working environment. Employees change their attitudes towards their jobs, losing the confidence and stability of their social and material status in order to ensure that they keep their jobs. Hence psychological and ... Workplace for most workers is characterized by lack of security and instability caused by the dynamics and requirements of the working environment. Employees change their attitudes towards their jobs, losing the confidence and stability of their social and material status in order to ensure that they keep their jobs. Hence psychological and emotional stress and anxiety rise, stress levels increase, psychosomatic problems and finally exhaustion appear. One of the clearest examples of how professional stress can affect both the individual and the organization is the “burnout syndrome”. The purpose of this paper is to characterize essentially the burnout syndrome, identify its causes and propose individual and organizational prevention measures. In order to achieve the main goal, the focus will be on solving the following tasks:  studying the existing theoretical formulations of the burnout syndrome;  determining the symptoms, stages and consequences of the burnout syndrome for both the individuals and the organization in which they work;  analyzing the possible measures for ensuring efficient organization of employees, which will reduce their workload and stress levels in their workplace, i.e. the probability of a burnout syndrome among them, as well as an action plan for the implementation of the proposal. The study proves the thesis that the burnout syndrome as a result of the rising level of workload and stress in the workplace is an extremely underestimated problem in modern organizations in Bulgaria, which often show both lack of interest and lack of awareness about the causes for the appearance of this problem and the ways to deal with it. The conclusions and findings clearly show that the problem of dealing with the burnout syndrome and its prevention is multifaceted, and this requires analyzing and solving a number of complex tasks of organizational, regulatory, qualification, behavioural, ethical and psychological nature.