Yearbook

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  THE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE LEVEL OF THEIR BUSINESS-TO-BUSINESS E-COMMERCE DEVELOPMENT

  This paper discusses different author’s views, summarizes them and formulates a definition of “business-to-business” electronic commerce (Â2Â e-commerce). As a result, three theoretical criteria are adopted that reflect the level of e-commerce development in the different European countries. These criteria are: the implementation of Â2Â ... This paper discusses different author’s views, summarizes them and formulates a definition of “business-to-business” electronic commerce (Â2Â e-commerce). As a result, three theoretical criteria are adopted that reflect the level of e-commerce development in the different European countries. These criteria are: the implementation of Â2Â e-commerce, the depth of technology penetration and the impact of e-commerce on the performance of enterprises. The criteria cover eight variables two of which dropped out in the initial stage of the study. The analysis includes twenty-two European countries – twenty-one from the European Union and Norway. The variables, involved in the above criteria are used to carry out a cluster analysis in order to classify the European countries for two years – 2010 and 2014. The results of the cluster analysis for 2010 show that B2B e-commerce in the different countries is at different levels. The formed seven statistically significant clusters show a large fragmentation among the different countries in terms of B2B e-commerce implementation. The conclusions of the analysis indicate that the level of e-commerce development on a geographic basis keeps being different – namely, some of the countries of Northern Europe and the Scandinavian countries are leading in the sphere of B2B e-commerce and the new EU Member States are lagging behind in this aspect. The classification carried out for 2014 shows that there is a convergence in the level of B2B e-commerce development among the European countries. This conclusion is supported by the integration of clusters and the reduction of their number to three.

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  BURNOUT – A PROFESSIONAL EXHAUSTION SYNDROME OR A MODERN EMPLOYEE SYNDROME

  Workplace for most workers is characterized by lack of security and instability caused by the dynamics and requirements of the working environment. Employees change their attitudes towards their jobs, losing the confidence and stability of their social and material status in order to ensure that they keep their jobs. Hence psychological and ... Workplace for most workers is characterized by lack of security and instability caused by the dynamics and requirements of the working environment. Employees change their attitudes towards their jobs, losing the confidence and stability of their social and material status in order to ensure that they keep their jobs. Hence psychological and emotional stress and anxiety rise, stress levels increase, psychosomatic problems and finally exhaustion appear. One of the clearest examples of how professional stress can affect both the individual and the organization is the “burnout syndrome”. The purpose of this paper is to characterize essentially the burnout syndrome, identify its causes and propose individual and organizational prevention measures. In order to achieve the main goal, the focus will be on solving the following tasks:  studying the existing theoretical formulations of the burnout syndrome;  determining the symptoms, stages and consequences of the burnout syndrome for both the individuals and the organization in which they work;  analyzing the possible measures for ensuring efficient organization of employees, which will reduce their workload and stress levels in their workplace, i.e. the probability of a burnout syndrome among them, as well as an action plan for the implementation of the proposal. The study proves the thesis that the burnout syndrome as a result of the rising level of workload and stress in the workplace is an extremely underestimated problem in modern organizations in Bulgaria, which often show both lack of interest and lack of awareness about the causes for the appearance of this problem and the ways to deal with it. The conclusions and findings clearly show that the problem of dealing with the burnout syndrome and its prevention is multifaceted, and this requires analyzing and solving a number of complex tasks of organizational, regulatory, qualification, behavioural, ethical and psychological nature.

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  IMPROVEMENT OF CUSTOMS CONTROL IN THE ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL SOLVENCY OF AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATORS

  Modern trends in customs control were related to the development and implementation of new control procedures allowing both effective manifestation of its basic functions - fiscal, economic and defense. The aim is to achieve a balance between the ever-increasing requirements for customs administrations in terms of security and safety of ... Modern trends in customs control were related to the development and implementation of new control procedures allowing both effective manifestation of its basic functions - fiscal, economic and defense. The aim is to achieve a balance between the ever-increasing requirements for customs administrations in terms of security and safety of international trade and the willingness of retailers for easy and quick clearance of their goods. In this connection, a so-called „Simplified customs procedures” and in particular the status of „Authorized Economic Operator”. Its use is associated with certain requirements (conditions) that must be met by those wishing to gain access to specific facilities in the course of covering the activities of their customs procedures. This necessitates the need for controls, allowing authentication extent of these requirements. From the standpoint of customs control checks on the criteria for financial solvency go beyond the conventional application, which is the reason for the existence of some difficulties in their implementation. Priority application here is the financial analysis, but at the moment in our customs administration has not developed a unified analytical methodology for arriving at a more accurate and specific conclusions and assessments. In this paper are considered peculiarities of the customs control of the said criteria and offer two analytical approaches allowing the more precise studies on the financial solvency of the persons with the status of „Authorized economic operators”. These are preparing comprehensive assessment and analysis of individual factors.